As a result the difference in direction between the North Magnetic Pole and the North Geographic Pole (the variation) sometime shows anomalies. The direction and strength is, however, influenced by a number of geographic factors. In principle the magnetic field is present everywhere on earth. To understand the effects that the magnetic dip has on compass indication. Make sure you read the section on turning and acceleration errors on the
This effect of pulling the magnetic needle down is called the "magnet dip". One could imagine the magnetic needle pointing directly down when at the magnetic pole. However, the effect that the vertical component has on the compass performance should also be understood, as it affects the accuracy of the compass reading significantly. The horizontal component is used for navigation, as it is responsible for the magnetic needle pointing to magnetic north. The compass needle will react to both the horizontal and the vertical force. The earth magnetic field has a horizontal and a vertical component. Here the nose of a symbolic aircraft points to the magnetic heading on a compass rose. This could be confusing at first.Īnother design that avoids this confusion is the vertical card magnetic compass. Consequently, the markings appear backwards – East is on the West side and vice versa. Note, that when the lubber line indicates North the part of the disk that points North is actually on the opposite side of the disk. A lubber line indicates the current magnetic heading of the aircraft. Here the magnetic needle is integrated into a floating disk that carries the markings of the compass rose on its circumference. One that is present in most aircraft is the floating magnet type. There are a number of magnetic compass designs used in aircrafts. Further sub-divisions between the 30º marks are shown for every 5º.įigure: magnetic compass with deviation card The readings will usually show N, S, E and W with the intervals between marked for each 30º. The principle of the compass’s magnetised needle aligning itself to the field lines of the earth magnetic field allows the pilot to determine the heading of the aircraft in relation to magnetic north. The simplest of aeronautic navigation instruments that is most often used for basic orientiation is the magnetic compass.
Aeronautic Navigation Instruments: An Overview for the VFR Pilot
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